AGP Executive Report

Sudan Peace Diplomacy: Sudan’s Sovereignty Council chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan met the Quintet Mechanism delegation (UN, AU, EU, Arab League, IGAD) in Khartoum to discuss peace efforts and a political process, with the AU panel head Mohamed Ibn Chambas stressing there is “no military solution” and calling for concrete steps to protect civilians. Humanitarian Crisis: UN partners backed a cholera vaccination drive in North Darfur’s Tawila for 95,000 displaced people, while insecurity continues to drive new displacement—over 4,500 people fled North Darfur and Blue Nile in recent days, including 1,275 from Um Baru and 3,315 from Geisan. Chemical Weapons Spotlight: Former OPCW officials told Euronews they heard credible accounts of chemical weapons use by Sudan Armed Forces in 2024–2025, including an alleged attack near Khartoum’s Al Jili Oil Refinery, urging an OPCW investigation as SAF denies the claims. Local Governance & Society: A coalition of Sudanese political forces rejected a proposed SAF-led national dialogue, saying it would legitimize war-made realities and should instead prioritize ending the fighting first.

Sudan Displacement: IOM reports over 4,500 people uprooted in North Darfur and Blue Nile as insecurity worsens, including 1,275 fleeing Um Baru villages and 3,315 displaced in a single day from Geisan locality. Drone Attacks in Kordofan: A drone strike in North Kordofan’s Um Rawaba killed at least 13 and injured 22, hitting a market area, courthouse grounds, and nearby homes. Chemical Weapons Claims: A new investigation says witness accounts point to possible chlorine use in Sudan between 2024 and 2025, urging an independent probe amid reports of a hidden programme. Health System Under Strain: MSF warns Sudan’s clinics are closing as humanitarian funding cuts bite, pushing patients to travel farther and threatening remaining hospitals. Politics and Peace Talks: A Sudanese coalition rejects El Burhan’s proposed national dialogue, saying it would legitimize war-made power and should instead focus first on ending fighting. Education Under Attack: On Sept. 9, officials highlight how conflict keeps millions of children out of school, with Sudan cited among the worst-affected. Regional Defense Cooperation: Sudan’s defense chief meets Indonesia in Jakarta to discuss training and personnel exchanges.

Sudan Health Crisis: Médecins Sans Frontières warns Sudan’s healthcare system is nearing collapse as global aid cuts force clinic closures, with USAID shutdowns leaving many providers unable to replace funding and patients facing longer, riskier trips for care. North Kordofan Drone Attack: A drone strike in Um Rawaba, North Kordofan killed at least 13 people and injured 22, hitting a market area, a courthouse complex and nearby homes, according to Sudan Doctors Network. RSF vs UN Probe: An RSF-aligned government, Sudan Founding Alliance (Tasees), rejects a UN fact-finding report as biased, disputing claims about cross-border support networks and alleged SAF violations, including chemical weapons allegations. Chemical Weapons Claims: A new dossier based on leaked materials alleges Sudan’s army used chlorine-based munitions, raising calls for stronger international action and accountability. Food Security Pressure: Farmers in South Kordofan and Darfur report rainfall shortages and dry spells threatening the agricultural season, with crop damage and rising grain prices feared. Regional Diplomacy: Indonesia’s defense minister met Sudan’s counterpart in Jakarta for closed-door talks on defense cooperation and military education.

Sudan Health Crisis: Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) warns that Sudan’s healthcare system is on the brink of collapse as international aid funding cuts force clinics and hospitals to shut, leaving patients with fewer options and longer, more dangerous journeys for care. Humanitarian Access: MSF says about 37% of health facilities are nonoperational and that the UN response plan is only 41% funded, with millions facing crisis-level hunger. Darfur Justice: The ICC heard calls for “effective and tangible” reparations for Darfur victims linked to Ali Kushayb, including return support, medical help, education, and income projects. Food and Water Pressure: Farmers in South Kordofan and Darfur report drought-like conditions and dry spells threatening the agricultural season, while El Obeid in North Kordofan faces a worsening drinking-water crisis and soaring prices amid accusations of official neglect. Displacement and Famine Risk: A displaced people coordination group warns food insecurity is worsening daily as markets collapse, the Sudanese pound weakens, and humanitarian delivery becomes harder. Peace Talks: The Quintet initiative is set for its first visit to Khartoum to hold consultations on a civilian-led political process.

Chemical Weapons Watch: Leaked U.S.-linked reports and leaked Sudanese military files allege the SAF built and tested chlorine-based munitions in 2024 and used them near Khartoum, with Washington and the EU tightening sanctions while Khartoum denies any toxic-agent use. Diplomatic Pressure: Germany is urged to confront the UAE’s alleged Sudan role publicly during a Berlin meeting, after a UN fact-finding mission said RSF-linked atrocities bear “hallmarks of genocide.” Humanitarian & Rights: Ethiopia faces rising pressure on independent journalism, with officials framing reporting on abuses as a threat to national security. Regional Security: Iraq’s Coordination Framework weapons talks were postponed after Al-Nujaba failed to attend, with a September 30 deadline tied to state control and the end of the foreign coalition presence. Climate & Food Security: A new analysis warns climate shocks to farmland, water, and food can fuel instability when institutions are weak.

Chemical Weapons Allegations: US media reports leaked files alleging Sudanese Armed Forces ran a chlorine-based chemical weapons program, including bomb blueprints, tests, and a cover-up, with communications suggesting senior awareness—sparking renewed calls for action and possible expanded sanctions. Human Rights Pressure: As the UN Human Rights Council opens in Geneva, Sudan is set to feature among key crises on the agenda, adding diplomatic pressure amid the chemical weapons claims. War’s Power Fallout: In Khartoum and Omdurman, war-driven blackouts are pushing families toward solar power, but high costs keep many shut out, worsening daily life and education disruptions. Regional Spillover: A report warns Sudan’s conflict is becoming a regional pressure system, pulling in neighbors, Gulf interests, drone activity, and weapons routes across the Red Sea to the Sahel. Local Justice in Juba: Riek Machar’s defense in the Nasir violence trial says their clients face life-threatening threats and seeks protective measures and an independent investigation.

Chemical Weapons Watch: A new dossier claims Sudan’s army developed and concealed chlorine-based chemical weapons, including chlorine diverted from a water-treatment plant near Khartoum, renewing calls for urgent international action. Humanitarian Pressure: The UN Human Rights Council opens in Geneva with Sudan among key crisis topics, as civil groups urge expanding the arms embargo nationwide over drone strikes on hospitals, camps, schools and markets. Displacement in Blue Nile: IOM reports nearly 1,700 more people displaced in Al-Kurmuk locality after worsening insecurity tied to RSF and SPLM-N attacks. Frontline Update (North Kordofan): Sudanese army units reportedly seized Hamrat al-Wiz, a commercial hub and export-route node, as RSF paramilitaries fled. Health Crisis (West Kordofan): A cholera outbreak in Al-Udayyah locality has killed at least 23 and infected 310+ people, with medicine and transport shortages worsening conditions. Power Strain & Solar Push: With war-driven blackouts, families in Khartoum-area cities are turning to solar, but high costs keep many out.

Blue Nile Displacement: The UN migration agency says insecurity in Sudan’s Blue Nile has displaced about 1,690 people from villages in Al-Kurmuk locality, pushing families toward Baw as the situation stays “tense and volatile.” Chemical Attack Claims: A witness account describes people struggling to breathe after a reported chemical attack, adding to mounting allegations of chemical warfare risks. Cholera in West Kordofan: A local relief group reports at least 23 deaths and over 310 cholera cases in Humeir village and Hilla Hussein, warning of medicine and fluid shortages and worsening food conditions. Arms Embargo Push: Sudanese civil society urges the UN Security Council to expand the arms embargo nationwide, citing drone strikes hitting hospitals, camps, schools and markets. Power Crisis, Solar Workarounds: With blackouts worsening, residents in Khartoum and Omdurman are turning to solar, but high costs keep many households out. War Economy Claims: Sudan’s Communist Party says the conflict has deepened economic collapse and entrenched a parallel war economy tied to military and commercial interests.

Electricity & Cost of Survival: Sudan’s war-driven blackouts are pushing Khartoum-area residents toward solar power, but high prices keep many households out of reach, with a typical 10-kilowatt system costing nearly $5,000. Chemical Weapons Claims: New U.S.-linked reporting alleges Sudan’s armed forces produced and tested chlorine-filled munitions and tried to conceal attacks, deepening scrutiny after earlier sanctions. UN Arms Embargo Push: Senior U.S. officials are urging the UN Security Council to adopt a nationwide Sudan arms embargo, warning the country is “descending into hell” as drone warfare and foreign support fuel civilian harm. South Kordofan Violence: Separate attacks in South Kordofan left at least 26 dead and dozens injured, with medics blaming SPLM-N forces in clashes tied to the wider RSF-aligned conflict. Diplomacy Watch: Spain has agreed to appoint a new ambassador to Sudan, but says the Khartoum embassy will stay closed for security reasons. Regional Agenda: The Arab League council opened in Cairo under Tunisia’s chairmanship, with Sudan on the agenda alongside Gaza and Iranian attacks.

Sudan War Crimes and Chemical Weapons: A new dossier says Sudan’s army secretly developed and tested chlorine-based chemical munitions, including bomb blueprints and links to chlorine sourced from a civilian water treatment site, as U.S. officials push for a nationwide UN arms embargo. South Kordofan Violence: The Sudan Doctors Network reports at least 26 killed and dozens injured in two attacks in Debi, Luweiri and Dilling, accusing SPLM-N of striking civilians and violating a ceasefire. Diplomacy and Security: Spain has appointed a new ambassador to Sudan, Daniel Losada Millar, but says the Khartoum embassy will stay closed for security reasons. Regional Talks: The Arab League opened its 166th session in Cairo under Tunisia’s chair, with Sudan on the agenda alongside Gaza and Iranian attacks. Humanitarian Pressure: U.S. officials warn Sudan is “descending into hell,” citing drone warfare and foreign intervention as civilian casualties and hunger needs surge.

South Kordofan Violence: The Sudan Doctors Network says at least 21 people, including women and children, were killed in SPLM-N attacks on Debi and Luweiri near Kauda, with civilians fleeing amid fears of worsening conditions; it also reports five more deaths, including a child, after artillery shelling hit Dilling. Humanitarian Response: Qatar Charity (QC) says its 2026 aid so far has reached about 5.8 million people across 31 countries, with Sudan listed among top response priorities. Peace and Dialogue Debate: A report on Ethiopia’s Pretoria peace deal argues the TPLF may have used the post-2024 period to regroup and reposition while disputes remained unresolved, raising questions about whether the agreement delivered lasting peace. Local Life and Culture: Sudanese electronic music artist Taz Waves releases work tracing the sounds of classic Sudanese keyboards into a new future.

Blue Nile Frontline: Sudanese authorities say the army repelled an RSF and SPLM-N attack on Al-Baraka in Al-Kurmuk, reporting heavy losses and fighters pushed toward the Ethiopian border. Foreign Arms Pressure: The US is urging a UN arms embargo covering all of Sudan, arguing foreign weapons and support are sustaining the war; a UN probe also warns drones and external networks are boosting attacks on civilians. UN Drone Findings: A UN fact-finding mission says foreign weapons, tech, fighters and logistics—linked to networks involving the UAE, Chad, Libya and Somalia—are strengthening both sides, including drone strikes. UAE Denial: The UAE rejects allegations of involvement in Sudan’s war, saying it has not supplied weapons since April 2023 and points to humanitarian aid. Diplomacy Hope: Sudan’s government moves toward a proposed national dialogue by dismissing charges against people seeking to return for talks, with the AU welcoming the initiative. Khalid Omar on Burhan: Exiled opposition politician Khalid Omar attacks a campaign promoting Burhan for president, calling it a power struggle behind the war. Blue Nile Tensions: A Sudanese official accuses Ethiopia of hosting RSF training camps near the border, alleging support involving the UAE and Ethiopian intelligence.

Sudan War Accountability: A UN fact-finding mission says the Sudanese Armed Forces used foreign-supplied drones and loitering munitions in attacks that hit civilian areas, including markets and hospitals in Blue Nile, raising concerns of war crimes. Humanitarian Pressure: IOM reports 9,420 people displaced in South Kordofan and Blue Nile after renewed fighting, with the situation described as tense and volatile. AU Mediation Clash: Sudanese anti-war forces reject the African Union’s backing of a “Sudanese-Sudanese Dialogue” linked to Burhan, warning it could legitimize military rule and entrench division. Blue Nile Frontline: Abdel Fattah al-Burhan inspected army readiness in Damazin amid escalating clashes with the RSF and SPLM-N. Local Life Under Strain: A High Court in the UK dismissed a challenge to Sudan’s “visa brake,” which blocks student visas from Sudan for 18 months. Elsewhere (Human Interest): In Nepal, rescuers pulled two hydropower workers alive from a debris-buried tunnel on the tenth day after flash floods.

Sudan War Fuel: A UN fact-finding mission says Sudan’s conflict is being sustained by foreign weapons and mercenaries, including drone supplies and support networks linked to the UAE and other countries, warning states to enforce the Darfur arms embargo and halt transfers of drones and military assistance. Blue Nile Frontline: Sudan’s Sovereign Council chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan inspected army readiness in Damazin, as clashes between the army, RSF and SPLM-N intensify in Blue Nile. External Backing: The US says around 12 countries are providing military support to Sudan’s warring sides, complicating efforts to end the fighting, while Washington pushes to expand the UN arms embargo nationwide. Arms and Drones Debate: Separate UN-linked reporting highlights how AI-enabled weapons are raising “moral red line” concerns, as drones increasingly reach civilian areas. Politics in the Region: SPLM leaders say preparations are underway for the party’s 3rd National Convention and December 2026 elections.

GERD Tensions: Ethiopia’s plan for more Blue Nile dams is raising fresh alarm in Sudan as experts warn that poor coordination on dam releases could bring floods in wet months and “catastrophic” shortages in dry spells. Blue Nile Frontline: Sudanese Army chief Burhan inspected readiness in Damazin, as SAF faces escalating RSF and SPLM-N offensives and new allied reinforcements. Humanitarian Integrity: Nepal’s flood relief spotlighted “inhumane” donations of used, torn clothes, with Home Minister Sudan Gurung urging donors to stop degrading aid. Sudan Accountability Push: Sudanese Journalists’ Syndicate says five reporters remain missing after enforced disappearances, demanding disclosure and independent investigation. War’s External Supply Lines: A call urges Europe to treat Sudan’s arms and drone flows as a nationwide problem, not a Darfur-only snapshot, and to dismantle illicit corridors. Sudan Dialogue Pressure: Civil society urges extending the UN fact-finding mission on Sudan to keep investigating grave violations and ensure resources for accountability.

Sudan Human Rights & Accountability: The Sudanese Journalists’ Syndicate says five of its members remain missing after enforced disappearance, including cases dating to Omdurman (Nov. 2024) and El Fasher (Oct. 2025), urging immediate disclosure and an independent probe. War’s Human Cost: UN reporting warns displacement is accelerating, with about 22,000 people driven from Sudan’s Blue Nile over the past week amid clashes involving the RSF and SPLM-N, as families struggle for shelter and clean water. Crisis in Darfur & Kordofan: Aid groups and local medical teams describe a worsening health emergency in North Darfur and West Kordofan, citing malnutrition among children and a cholera outbreak, with medicines scarce and humanitarian access limited. International Pressure on Sudan: Civil society in Geneva is calling on the UN Human Rights Council to extend the Sudan Fact-Finding Mission’s mandate and fund it properly, including follow-up reporting on grave violations. Regional Civic Space: CIVICUS highlights the UN Human Rights Council session’s focus on protecting civil society and warning that reprisals and arbitrary detention are increasingly used to silence rights defenders.